Corona virus in detail
Corona virus in detail
An introduction about corono virus
Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause sickness as from the common cold to death. Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people. Corona virus in detail is here with given.
More severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) from dromedary camels to humans and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) was transmitted from civet cats to humans. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.
Similar to Corona virus
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), a serious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness. It was first discovered in China in 2002 and spread around the world. An international effort helped quickly contain the spread of disease. There have been no new cases reported anywhere in world since 2004.
MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), a severe respiratory illness discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The illness has spread to 27 countries. Only two cases have been reported in the United States. All cases have been linked to travel or residence in or around the Arabian Peninsula.
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019.It was discovered in late 2019 in Wuhan City, in the Hubei Province of China. Most infections have occurred in China or are related to travel from Hubei Province. There have been some cases reported in United States. The outbreak is being closely monitored by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, breathing difficulties and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumotitis, SARS- severe acute respiratory syndrome, Kidney injury,Medical renal diseses,Acute kidney failure and even death.
To prevent infection spread peoples are adviced to do repeated hand washing, covering mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing, thoroughly boiled or cooked meat and eggs. Avoid closer contact with persons having signs and symptoms of respiratory illness such as sneezing and coughing.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, An epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, from which it possibly originated. An intermediate reservoir such as a pangolin is also suspected to be involved in its origination to humans From a taxonomic perspective SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a strain of the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV). To avoid confusion with the disease SARS, the WHO refers to the virus as “the virus responsible for COVID-19” in public health communications.
Infection
Human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed during the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak. Transmission happens primarily via respiratory droplets from sneezes and coughs within a range of about 1.8 meters (6 feet). Via contaminated surfaces is another possible cause of infection as Indirect contact. Viral RNA has also been found in stool samples from infected patients.It is possible that the virus can be infectious even during the incubation period, but this has not been proven, and the World Health Organization (WHO) stated on 1 February 2020 that “transmission from asymptomatic cases is likely not a major driver of transmission” at this time. Thus, most infections in humans are believed to be the result of transmission from subjects exhibiting symptoms of corona virus disease 2019.
Source of further infection
Wuhan, China is the first known infections from the virus were discovered. The original source of viral transmission to humans remains unclear. However, research into the origin of the 2003 SARS outbreak has resulted in the discovery of many SARS-like bat corona viruses, most originating in the Rhinolophus genus of horseshoe bats. Two viral nucleic acid sequences found in samples taken from Rhinolophussinicus show a resemblance of 80% to SARS-CoV-2. Another viral nucleic acid sequence from Rhinolophus affinis collected in Yunnan province has a 96% resemblance to SARS-CoV-2. The WHO considers bats the most likely natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2.A metagenomic study published in 2019 previously revealed that SARS-CoV, the strain of the virus that causes SARS, was the most widely distributed coronavirus among a sample of Malayan pangolins. On 7 February 2020, it was announced that researchers from Guangzhou had discovered a pangolin sample with a viral nucleic acid sequence “99% identical” to SARS-CoV-2. When released, the results clarified that “the receptor-binding domain of the S protein of the newly discovered Pangolin-CoV is virtually identical to that of 2019-nCoV, with one amino acid difference.Pangolins are protected under Chinese law, but their poaching and trading for use in traditional Chinese medicine remains common.Microbiologists and geneticists in Texas have independently found evidence of reassortment in coronaviruses suggesting the involvement of pangolins in the origin of SARS-CoV-2.They acknowledged remaining unknown factors while urging continued examination of other mammals.
Signs and symptoms of corona virus
Reported sicknesses have a range between mild to severe symptoms and death for confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.The following symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure.
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Breathing difficulty
- Breathlessness
How Corona virus(COVID-19)Spreads
PERSON TO PERSON
The virus is spreading mainly from person to person
Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet).
Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
Any one can spread the virus without being sick
- People are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic (the sickest).
- Some spread might be possible before people show symptoms; there have been reports of this occurring with this new coronavirus, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
contact with infected surfaces or objects Spread
possiblities are there that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own nose,mouth,possibly their eyes, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
How the virus spreads generally
A virus spreads from person-to-person can vary. Some viruses are highly contagious (spread easily), like measles, while other viruses do not spread as easily. Another factor is whether the spread is sustained, spreading continually without stopping.The virus that causes COVID-19 seems to be spreading easily and sustainably in the community (“community spread”) in some affected geographic areas.
Community spread defines people have been infected with the virus in an area, including some who are not sure how or where they became infected.
Diagnosis of Corona virus
There are a few ways that a lab may get a sample for testing.
- Swab test. A health care provider will use a special swab to take a sample from your nose or throat.
- Nasal aspirate. A health care provider will inject a saline solution into your nose, then remove the sample with gentle suction.
- Tracheal aspirate. A health care provider will put a thin, lighted tube called a bronchoscope down your mouth and into your lungs, where a sample will be collected.
- Sputum test. Sputum is a thick mucus that is coughed up from the lungs. You may be asked to cough up sputum into a special cup, or a special swab may be used to take a sample from your nose.
- Blood. A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm.
The FDA has approved more widespread use of a rapid test for COVID-19. The test, which was developed by the CDC, uses samples from the nose, throat, or lungs. It enables fast, accurate diagnosis of the virus. The test is now allowed to be used at any CDC-approved lab across the country.
You may feel a tickle or a gagging sensation when your nose or throat is swabbed. The nasal aspirate may feel uncomfortable. These effects are temporary.
There is a minor risk of bleeding or infection from a tracheal aspiration.
There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
Results
If your results were positive, it means you probably have a coronavirus infection.
Treatment for corona virus infected person
There is no specific treatment for these infections, but your health care provider may recommend steps to relieve your symptoms.There is only symptomatic approach is and general management available
Which includes
Drinking plenty of fluids
Rest
Taking over-the-counter pain relievers or symptomatic drugs
You may need to go to the doctor symptoms get worse, which may be a sign of pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia include a worsening cough, increased trouble breathing, and a high fever.
If you were diagnosed with a coronavirus infection, you should also take the following steps to prevent others from getting sick:
Stay home, except to get medical care.
Wear a facemask when you are around other people.
Do not share drinking glasses, eating utensils, towels, bedding, or other items with people in your home.
Cough or sneeze into your sleeve or a tissue, not your hands.
Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
If your results were negative, you may need further testing and/or an exam by your provider. Until you get a diagnosis, you will still need to take steps to prevent spreading the infection.
Super