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Alopecia
Alopecia Alopecia is considered an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system, which is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria, mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, the structures…
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Common Valvular Heart Diseases Mitral stenosis (MS),Mitral regurgitation (MR),Aortic stenosis (AS) and Aortic regurgitation (AR)
Mitral Stenosis (MS) Mitral Stenosis (MS) is a form of valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever, though the…
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes that occurs when the body doesn’t have enough insulin to use blood sugar for energy. Instead, the liver breaks down fat for…
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Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Upper-Gastro-intestinal bleeding is manifested as hematemesis (blood vomiting) and Malena (black tarry stool). Hematemesis usually indicates bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz and malena usually denotes bleeding from the esophagus,…
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Myelin degeneration
Myelin Myelin is a fatty, protein-rich insulating sheath that surrounds nerves in the brain and spinal cord. It’s essential for the transmission of electrical impulses along nerve cells, and damage to myelin can slow…




