Urinary Tract Infection Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as microbial colonization of urine and tissue invasion along the urinary tract. A part from bacteria,yeast, fungi and viruses may produce urinary infection. Significant Bacteriuria is said to exist when a bacteria count is over 100,000 organisms / ml in a fresh “clean catch” midstream specimen […]
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute renal failure is the rapid loss your kidneys’ ability to remove waste and help balance fluids and electrolytes in your body. In this case, rapid means within 7 days. Causes of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Pre-renal causes Pre-renal causes include systemic causes, such as low blood volume, low blood pressure, heart failure, liver cirrhosis […]
Acanthosis nigricans Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disorder in which there is darker, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases.It presents as velvety brown thickened skin of the neck,axilla and over the joints of the fingers and toes. Causes of Acanthosis Nigricans 1. Familal 2. Obesity-related.The majority of cases are associated with obesity and otherwise idiopathic. This is […]
Aortic Stenosis (AS) Aortic stenosis (AS) is a disease of the heart valves in which the opening of the aortic valve is narrowed.The aortic valve is the valve located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta, the largest artery in the body, which carries the entire output of blood to the systemic […]
Thyroid gland Thyroid gland is a highly vascular organ at the front of the neck,usually weighing about 30g,consist of bilateral lobes connected in the middle by narrow isthmus.It is one of the largest endocrine glands and consists of two connected lobes. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage. The thyroid gland controls […]
Persistant Truncus Arteriosus Truncus arteriosus is a rare heart defect that’s present at birth (congenital) also known as Common arterial trunk. If your baby has truncus arteriosus, it means that one large blood vessel leads out of the heart. Normally, there are two separate vessels coming out of the heart.In addition, the two lower chambers of […]
Acute Pancreatitis The pancreas is a large gland located behind the stomach and next to the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). The pancreas has two primary functions: To secrete powerful digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat To release the hormones insulin and glucagon […]
Pulmonary Stenosis Pulmonary Stenosis is a heart valve disorder that involves the pulmonary valve.This valve separates the right ventricle (one of the chambers in the heart) and the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.Stenosis, or narrowing, occurs when the valve cannot open wide enough. As a result, less blood flows to the […]
Mitral Incompetence / Mitral regurgitation Mitral Incompetence/Mitral regurgitation (MR) or mitral insufficiency is a disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood. It is the abnormal leaking of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, […]
Unstable Angina in Detail Definition Angina is a condition marked by crushing pain in your chest that may also be felt in your shoulders, neck, and arms. The pain is caused by inadequate blood supply to your heart, which leaves your heart deprived of oxygen.There are several types of angina; stable angina occurs when you […]