Category Archives: Congenital Heart Disease

Features of Congenital Heart Disease

Common Valvular Heart Diseases Mitral stenosis (MS),Mitral regurgitation (MR),Aortic stenosis (AS) and Aortic regurgitation (AR)

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Mitral Stenosis Valve

Mitral Stenosis (MS) Mitral Stenosis (MS) is a form of valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever, though the stenosis typically does not become clinically relevant until several decades later. Mitral Regurgitation (MR) Mitral regurgitation (MR) also known as mitral […]

Persistant Truncus Arteriosus

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Persistant Truncus Arteriosus Truncus arteriosus  is a rare heart defect that’s present at birth (congenital) also known as Common arterial trunk. If your baby has truncus arteriosus, it means that one large blood vessel leads out of the heart. Normally, there are two separate vessels coming out of the heart.In addition, the two lower chambers of […]

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

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Congenital Aortic Stenosis Congenital aortic stenosis refers to an abnormally formed aortic valve which produces varying degrees of obstruction.Patients with mild aortic stenosis have no symptoms while those with moderate and severe aortic stenosis can experience shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, or fainting. Patients with symptoms from aortic stenosis as well as those with […]

Coarctation of Aorta

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Coarctation of Aorta Coarctation of the aorta, or aortic coarctation, is a congenital condition whereby the aorta narrows in the area where the ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum after regression) inserts. Aortic coarctation is considered when a section of the aorta is narrowed to an abnormal width. The word “coarctation” means narrowing. Coarctations are most common […]

Cyanotic Congenital Cardiac Defects

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Cyanotic Congenital Cardiac Defects Cyanotic cardiac defect is a group-type of congenital heart defects (CHDs),In a specific topic congenital heart defects which are associated with Cyanosis that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. It is caused […]

Ebstein Anamoly

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Ebstein Anamoly Ebstein anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.Tricuspid valve malformed and displaced downwards with atrialization of right ventricle and florid tricuspid incompetence. Right ventricular cavity is small, and there is interitrial communication through […]

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.The ventricular septum consists of an inferior muscular and superior membranous portion and is extensively innervated with conducting cardiomyocytes.The membranous portion, which is close to the atrioventricular node, is […]

TAPVC Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

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TAPVC Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) consists of an abnormality of blood flow in which all 4 pulmonary veins drain into systemic veins or the right atrium with or without pulmonary venous obstruction. Systemic and pulmonary venous blood mix in the right atrium. An atrial defect or foramen ovale (part […]

Transposition of Great Vessels

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Transposition of Great Vessels Transposition of great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels: superior and/or inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and aorta. Congenital heart diseases involving only the primary arteries (pulmonary artery and aorta) belong to a sub-group called […]