Left Atrial Enlargement Lead II P wave biphasic Terminal negative component at least 0.04 second in duration and 1 mm deep (i.e., I mall square x 1 small square x 1 small square) P axis to left (-300 or less) Right Atrial Enlargement […]
Spasm is or healthy vessels. One quarter have vasospastic symptoms like migraine and Raynaud’s phenomenon. History Rest pain, often same time each day. May have classic angina pain as well. Often no exertional symptoms. Diagnosis ST elevation during pain most diagnostic. Transient arrhythmia and conduction disturbances. […]
Angina Pectoris Bundle branch block particularly LBBB (Left Bundle Branch Block) ST depression, horizontal or down sloping more than 0.5 mm Tall pointed T waves which are either upright or inverted U wave inversion or increase is its amplitude Prinzmental Angina […]
Malignancy of Urinary Tract-Bladder The common early symptom of bladder Malignancy (cancer) is blood in the urine. In most cases, the cancer is confined to the inside lining of the bladder. Treatment of these superficial bladder Malignancy (cancers) is relatively easy and often curative. If the cancer has spread into or through the muscle layer […]
Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis are both used to treat Kidney failure. Hemodialysis uses a man-made membrane (dialyzer) to filter wastes and remove extra fluid from the blood. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane) and a solution (dialysate) to remove wastes and extra fluid from the body. Haemodialysis […]
Hyperoxaluria Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare condition characterized by the overproduction of a substance called oxalate (also called oxalic acid). In the kidneys, the excess oxalate combines with calcium to form calcium oxalate, a hard compound that is the main component of kidney stones. Deposits of calcium oxalate can lead to kidney damage, kidney failure, […]
Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a syndrome of microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and renal impairment. It is due to glomerular endothelial cell injury by some unidentified circulating antigen. Causes of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome In children 3-10 days after gastroenteritis (due to E.coli), viral upper respiratory tract […]
Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for patients with severe chronic kidney disease. The process uses the patient’s peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood. Fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out either every night while the […]
Renal Glycosuria Renal Glycosuria is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is excreted in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels. With normal kidney (renal) function, glucose is excreted in the urine only when there are abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood. However, in those with renal glycosuria, […]
viral fever Bird Flu Avian Influenza virus of type A of subtype H5N1 A H5N1 also known as Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which is able to cause illness in many other animal species and especially in birds and notifiable in humans and A bird-adapted strain of H5N1, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza […]