Alopecia Alopecia is considered an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system, which is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria, mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, the structures from which hairs grow. This can lead to hair loss on the scalp and elsewhere. Absence of hair from skin areas […]
Mitral Stenosis (MS) Mitral Stenosis (MS) is a form of valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve orifice. The most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever, though the stenosis typically does not become clinically relevant until several decades later. Mitral Regurgitation (MR) Mitral regurgitation (MR) also known as mitral […]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes that occurs when the body doesn’t have enough insulin to use blood sugar for energy. Instead, the liver breaks down fat for fuel, producing acids called ketones that can build up to dangerous levels in the body. Symptoms of Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Diabetic […]
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Upper-Gastro-intestinal bleeding is manifested as hematemesis (blood vomiting) and Malena (black tarry stool). Hematemesis usually indicates bleeding proximal to the ligament of Treitz and malena usually denotes bleeding from the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, but lesions in jejunum, ileum and even ascending colon may cause Malena provided that there is stasis. 60ml […]
Muscular dystrophy (MD) Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle. Kinds of muscular […]
Myelin Myelin is a fatty, protein-rich insulating sheath that surrounds nerves in the brain and spinal cord. It’s essential for the transmission of electrical impulses along nerve cells, and damage to myelin can slow down these impulses. Here are some facts about Myelin Function Myelin allows electrical impulses to travel quickly and efficiently along nerve […]
Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis, also known as “rhabdo”, is a serious condition that occurs when muscle tissue breaks down and releases its contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to kidney damage, organ failure, and other complications. Symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis Muscle pain, weakness, or tendernessDark, red, or cola-colored urineDecreased urine outputVomitingConfusionIrregular heartbeatFatigueJoint painSeizuresUnintentional weight gain Causes of […]
Viral myositis is a rare disease that causes muscle weakness, tenderness, and pain after a viral illness. Myositis refers to any condition causing inflammation in muscles. Weakness, swelling, and pain are the most common myositis symptoms. Myositis causes include infection, injury, autoimmune conditions, and drug side effects. Treatment of myositis varies according to the cause. […]
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a blood disorder that results in blood clots forming in small blood vessels throughout the body. This results in a low platelet count, low red blood cells due to their breakdown, and often kidney, heart, and brain dysfunction. Symptoms may include large bruises, fever, weakness, shortness of […]
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)“sixty-five roses” as a nickname Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that can block and damage organs. It can affect the lungs, digestive tract, pancreas, sweat glands, and reproductive system. Some children with cystic fibrosis call it “sixty-five roses” as a nickname. History […]