Hypokalemia in ECG
Hypokalemia, or low blood potassium, is a condition where the amount of potassium in your blood is lower than normal. It’s a common electrolyte disturbance that can be life-threatening if left untreated.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes associated with hypokalemia includes
Flattened T waves
A decrease in the amplitude of the T wave is the earliest ECG change.
ST depression and T inversion
A depression of the ST segment, which appears as an atypically low ST segment below the baseline.
Prominent U waves
A prominent U wave, which is a positive deflection after the T wave. U waves are often best seen in the mid-precordial leads (V2 and V3).
P wave
An increase in the amplitude of the P wave.
PR interval: A prolongation of the PR interval.
QT interval
A prolongation of the QT interval.
Hypokalemia can also cause arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions, ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and torsade de pointes.
A healthcare provider can diagnose hypokalemia through a blood test. The normal potassium level for an adult is 3.5 to 5.2 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Potassium levels between 3 and 3.5 mEq/L are considered mild hypokalemia.
Treatment
Hypokalemia involves potassium supplementation and identifying and treating the underlying cause.
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