Malignancy of Urinary Tract-Bladder The common early symptom of bladder Malignancy (cancer) is blood in the urine. In most cases, the cancer is confined to the inside lining of the bladder. Treatment of these superficial bladder Malignancy (cancers) is relatively easy and often curative. If the cancer has spread into or through the muscle layer […]
Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis are both used to treat Kidney failure. Hemodialysis uses a man-made membrane (dialyzer) to filter wastes and remove extra fluid from the blood. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane) and a solution (dialysate) to remove wastes and extra fluid from the body. Haemodialysis […]
Hyperoxaluria Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare condition characterized by the overproduction of a substance called oxalate (also called oxalic acid). In the kidneys, the excess oxalate combines with calcium to form calcium oxalate, a hard compound that is the main component of kidney stones. Deposits of calcium oxalate can lead to kidney damage, kidney failure, […]
Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a syndrome of microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and renal impairment. It is due to glomerular endothelial cell injury by some unidentified circulating antigen. Causes of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome In children 3-10 days after gastroenteritis (due to E.coli), viral upper respiratory tract […]
Peritoneal Dialysis Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment for patients with severe chronic kidney disease. The process uses the patient’s peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood. Fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out either every night while the […]
Renal Glycosuria Renal Glycosuria is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is excreted in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels. With normal kidney (renal) function, glucose is excreted in the urine only when there are abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood. However, in those with renal glycosuria, […]
viral fever Bird Flu Avian Influenza virus of type A of subtype H5N1 A H5N1 also known as Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which is able to cause illness in many other animal species and especially in birds and notifiable in humans and A bird-adapted strain of H5N1, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza […]
Suicidal thoughts involve a person thinking about ending their own life. However, there is no universally accepted definition of the term “suicidal ideation” in the medical community.Some people Trusted Source say that suicidal ideation involves actively planning suicide, whereas suicidal thoughts do not necessarily indicate a person has the intention to end their life.However, others […]
Protrusio Acetabulum Protrusio acetabuli is a rare anatomic pattern of the hip in which the femoral head protrudes into the true pelvis. Protrusio acetabuli (arthrokatadysis or Otto pelvis) is a relatively rare condition associated with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip. Radiographically, protrusio acetabuli is present when the medial aspect of the femoral head projects medial […]
Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (less extreme than mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavioral and the ability to think clearly.